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So You Want to Be a World Class Speaker . . .

 It was early evening at IBM’s training center in Armonk, New York.  I had just finished a whole day of training for 40 top executives from IBM, ranks of plant manager and above.  It was my first session.  I was very tired, and very pleased with my work.

 The IBM executive in charge of the week-1 manager training course knocked on my door, and entered the room.  “I have some good news, and some bad news,” he said.  I immediately tensed.

 “The bad news is that you scored 2.5 on a scale of 1 to 5; 1 being highest.  We expect our outside speakers to score 2 or better.”

 I was crestfallen.  I had won a National Teaching Award at the University of Minnesota, and I was consistently ranked high in the University Evaluations System.  That, apparently, did not carry over to IBM.

 “What is the good news?” I asked.

 “We have decided to give you one more chance,” he said.  “Your content is important, and we’ll be more precise about what we expect from you.”

 He invited me to see the Watson Room.  I was a room with four walls filled with quotations by IBM’s illustrious founder.  They all looked like common sense to me, and several read like slogans.  I quickly scanned them, and thought I was done with the visit.  But then my guide said, “We actually believe in this.  We try to live this message.  We want you to absorb this, and maybe internalize the values we hold as a corporation.”

 I asked for a confidential copy of the inscriptions.  “I shall commit them to memory,” I said. He had shared with me an important part of the company culture.

 “Good,” he said.  “Tomorrow I’ll show you one of our best instructors.”

 The group I had been hired to train was the upper two percent of the IBM managerial hierarchy.  That eventually turned out to be a bit more than 1,700 executives, mostly in groups of 40.  I had read the faculty list, but only knew two of the other instructors, and that by reputation alone:  Henry Kissinger and the Chief Economist for Manufacturers-Hanover Trust.  Each training seminar session was a week long, and I had been given the opening day.

 We sat down over a cup of coffee.  This is what he told me:

1.      We don’t want you to speak from notes.

       You should know your material well enough to be free and flexible.

2.      We want you to address OUR problems — not those of others as you used in examples this morning.

3.      We want you to interact with our audience, address them by their names, encourage questions and comments, and deal with their concerns as they may emerge, right there and then.

4.      We want you to always cover the most important points of your presentation, but stay on time.  And we do not want you to seem rushed, or impatient.

5.      Don’t be afraid to use humor, when it is appropriate to make a point, and when it is not blue.

The next day, he brought me to see a speaker whom I had never met.  I only knew that he was a young professor from somewhere in Ohio.

He turned out to be the best teacher I have ever seen.

 He was in total command of his subject.  He was unfailingly courteous, and gracious, in his interactions with his audience.  He was tough in his demands, and fair in his judgments.  He moved around the room, touched the people occasionally (pat on the back, handshake), and addressed them by their names.

 Every problem they brought up, he somehow had them resolve themselves, using principles he had taught them.  I could see the “Aha!” experience spread throughout the classroom every time that happened.

 He reminded me of the teacher Bjørnstierne Bjørnson described in his book, A Joyous Boy:  “Sorrow had touched him with his dark wing, and made him a warm human being.  . . . He did not say much, but occasionally he would pat a boy on the back, and the boy would be happy and warm the entire day.   . . . At the end of the day, he said, ‘Come back tomorrow, and we shall be industrious!’”[1]

 

 Industry and love — tough love, as it were — ruled in that one-room schoolhouse where Bjørnson went to school.  The young teacher from Ohio was brilliant, and he was the reincarnation of Baard Skolemester so carefully described in Bjørnson’s book.

 I went home full of ideas.  I worked on a diagnostic tool that would reveal their problems to me.  I outlined what I had promised they would learn, and memorized far more material than I would use.  I also memorized the names and backgrounds of the next class.  I revamped the illustrations I had used, focusing on the principles I wanted them to internalize, and resolved to be honest, fair, non-judgmental and open-minded about the group, and their concerns.  I decided to write down any questions that I could not answer, research them, and respond to them within a week.

 The next time, I asked for a meeting of the Center staff before the session.  I needed help with the collection and analysis of the data that I would ask for from the participants.  It would take three people working the entire day to do this, and to prepare the illustrations from the findings.  Being IBMers, and executives, they agreed to do it.

 The results were dramatic.  For the first time, I knew the key concerns and challenges of the group.  My faith in the principles I taught was strengthened when I saw the participants address and resolve their own problems quickly and elegantly before the day was done.  My three “assistants” were exhausted, but proud of their work.  So was I.

 This experience changed my life.  I pored over the data from group to group, noted the trends over time until the database was stable, and then addressed the “logjam”®™ that the data had produced:  The Logjam of IBM.

 I remember one particular group:  The IBM Fellows.  The session was held in the library of the Guggenheim Estate on Sands Point by the Long Island Sound.  In the group was the leader that were to develop the PC — a watershed in IBM’s history.  IBM would change from Big Iron to Distributed Computing, from hardware to software and services, from formal to informal, from structured to loose.

 All of these changes showed up in my data.  Without conscious effort, I began using what I had learned at IBM at the University of Minnesota — then in the work with all our clients.  I trained our staff, and the staff of the companies we worked with, to do what I had learned.

 I began to notice the characteristics and practices of the outstanding teachers I had seen on “the circuit” — Zig Ziglar, Peter F. Drucker, Joel Barker, Manny Steil, Tom Peters, Ken Blanchard, and many others.

 I believe that the young professor from Ohio could hold his own among these renowned speakers.  To be a world class speaker, the presentation skills are as important as the mastery of content.  That is very, very rare among speakers.  When a speaker walks out in front of an audience, he/she is always judged anew:  The greater the reputation, the tougher the judgment, and the greater the challenge.  When Dr. Darrell Lewis and I published a series of papers on what effects students’ learning of introductory economics, it was the teachers’ communications skills that was the most important factor — not her degrees, or grades, or the textbook used, or the home environment of the students.

 A few years later, Jim Alles of ICI Films watched as members of our staff walked up to a group of ICI executives whom he knew they had never met.  He was amazed to learn that all of our staff addressed his people by their correct names, and that they knew the ICI executives’ backgrounds —  AND their deepest concerns.  Everyone’s.  He later told me that right then and there he decided to have his own people trained like ours were.  He made good on his promise, and the performance of ICI Films skyrocketed.

 I smiled when he told me that story.  I remembered the last daylong seminar I had taught at IBM — four years after my miserable first-time score.

 The score was 1.0.

 Little did they know that the score did not belong to me; it belonged to an IBM executive and his two colleagues, who cared about their company — and cared about me — and to a young professor from Ohio, who was the best teacher I had ever met.


[1] Bjørnstierne Bjørnson won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1903.  The passage is loosely translated, and from memory.

 

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