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So You Want to Be a World Class Speaker
. . .
It was early
evening at IBM’s training center in Armonk, New York. I had just
finished a whole day of training for 40 top executives from IBM, ranks
of plant manager and above. It was my first session. I was very tired,
and very pleased with my work.
The IBM
executive in charge of the week-1 manager training course knocked on my
door, and entered the room. “I have some good news, and some bad news,”
he said. I immediately tensed.
“The bad news is
that you scored 2.5 on a scale of 1 to 5; 1 being highest. We expect
our outside speakers to score 2 or better.”
I was
crestfallen. I had won a National Teaching Award at the University of
Minnesota, and I was consistently ranked high in the University
Evaluations System. That, apparently, did not carry over to IBM.
“What is the good
news?” I asked.
“We have decided
to give you one more chance,” he said. “Your content is important, and
we’ll be more precise about what we expect from you.”
He invited me to
see the Watson Room. I was a room with four walls filled with
quotations by IBM’s illustrious founder. They all looked like common
sense to me, and several read like slogans. I quickly scanned them, and
thought I was done with the visit. But then my guide said, “We actually
believe in this. We try to live this message. We want you to absorb
this, and maybe internalize the values we hold as a corporation.”
I asked for a
confidential copy of the inscriptions. “I shall commit them to memory,”
I said. He had shared with me an important part of the company culture.
“Good,” he said.
“Tomorrow I’ll show you one of our best instructors.”
The group I had
been hired to train was the upper two percent of the IBM managerial
hierarchy. That eventually turned out to be a bit more than 1,700
executives, mostly in groups of 40. I had read the faculty list, but
only knew two of the other instructors, and that by reputation alone:
Henry Kissinger and the Chief Economist for Manufacturers-Hanover
Trust. Each training seminar session was a week long, and I had been
given the opening day.
We sat down over a
cup of coffee. This is what he told me:
1.
We don’t want you to
speak from notes.
You should know your material
well enough to be free and flexible.
2.
We want you to address
OUR problems — not those of others as you used in examples this morning.
3.
We want you to interact
with our audience, address them by their names, encourage questions and
comments, and deal with their concerns as they may emerge, right there
and then.
4.
We want you to always
cover the most important points of your presentation, but stay on time.
And we do not want you to seem rushed, or impatient.
5.
Don’t be afraid to use
humor, when it is appropriate to make a point, and when it is not blue.
The next day, he
brought me to see a speaker whom I had never met. I only knew that he
was a young professor from somewhere in Ohio.
He turned out to be
the best teacher I have ever seen.
He was in total
command of his subject. He was unfailingly courteous, and gracious, in
his interactions with his audience. He was tough in his demands, and
fair in his judgments. He moved around the room, touched the people
occasionally (pat on the back, handshake), and addressed them by their
names.
Every
problem they brought up, he somehow had them resolve
themselves, using principles he had taught them. I could
see the “Aha!” experience spread throughout the classroom
every time that happened.
He reminded me of
the teacher Bjørnstierne Bjørnson described in his book, A Joyous Boy:
“Sorrow had touched him with his dark wing, and made him a warm human
being. . . . He did not say much, but occasionally he would pat a boy
on the back, and the boy would be happy and warm the entire day. . . .
At the end of the day, he said, ‘Come back tomorrow, and we shall be
industrious!’”[1]
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Industry
and love — tough love, as it were — ruled in that one-room
schoolhouse where Bjørnson went to school. The young
teacher from Ohio was brilliant, and he was the
reincarnation of Baard Skolemester so carefully described in
Bjørnson’s book.
I went
home full of ideas. I worked on a diagnostic tool that
would reveal their problems to me. I outlined what I had
promised they would learn, and memorized far more material
than I would use. I also memorized the names and
backgrounds of the next class. I revamped the illustrations
I had used, focusing on the principles I wanted them to
internalize, and resolved to be honest, fair, non-judgmental
and open-minded about the group, and their concerns. I
decided to write down any questions that I could not answer,
research them, and respond to them within a week.
The
next time, I asked for a meeting of the Center staff before
the session. I needed help with the collection and analysis
of the data that I would ask for from the participants. It
would take three people working the entire day to do this,
and to prepare the illustrations from the findings. Being
IBMers, and executives, they agreed to do it.
The
results were dramatic. For the first time, I knew the key
concerns and challenges of the group. My faith in the
principles I taught was strengthened when I saw the
participants address and resolve their own problems quickly
and elegantly before the day was done. My three
“assistants” were exhausted, but proud of their work. So
was I.
This
experience changed my life. I pored over the data from
group to group, noted the trends over time until the
database was stable, and then addressed the “logjam”®™ that
the data had produced: The Logjam of IBM.
I
remember one particular group: The IBM Fellows. The
session was held in the library of the Guggenheim Estate on
Sands Point by the Long Island Sound. In the group was the
leader that were to develop the PC — a watershed in IBM’s
history. IBM would change from Big Iron to Distributed
Computing, from hardware to software and services, from
formal to informal, from structured to loose.
All of
these changes showed up in my data. Without conscious
effort, I began using what I had learned at IBM at the
University of Minnesota — then in the work with all our
clients. I trained our staff, and the staff of the
companies we worked with, to do what I had learned.
I
began to notice the characteristics and practices of the
outstanding teachers I had seen on “the circuit” — Zig
Ziglar, Peter F. Drucker, Joel Barker, Manny Steil, Tom
Peters, Ken Blanchard, and many others.
I
believe that the young professor from Ohio could hold his
own among these renowned speakers. To be a world class
speaker, the presentation skills are as important as the
mastery of content. That is very, very rare among
speakers. When a speaker walks out in front of an audience,
he/she is always judged anew: The greater the reputation,
the tougher the judgment, and the greater the challenge.
When Dr. Darrell Lewis and I published a series of papers on
what effects students’ learning of introductory economics,
it was the teachers’ communications skills that was the most
important factor — not her degrees, or grades, or the
textbook used, or the home environment of the students.
A few
years later, Jim Alles of ICI Films watched as members of
our staff walked up to a group of ICI executives whom he
knew they had never met. He was amazed to learn that all of
our staff addressed his people by their correct names, and
that they knew the ICI executives’ backgrounds — AND their
deepest concerns. Everyone’s. He later told me that right
then and there he decided to have his own people trained
like ours were. He made good on his promise, and the
performance of ICI Films skyrocketed.
I
smiled when he told me that story. I remembered the last
daylong seminar I had taught at IBM — four years after my
miserable first-time score.
The
score was 1.0.
Little
did they know that the score did not belong to me; it
belonged to an IBM executive and his two colleagues, who
cared about their company — and cared about me — and to a
young professor from Ohio, who was the best teacher I had
ever met.
[1] Bjørnstierne Bjørnson won the
Nobel Prize in Literature in 1903. The passage is
loosely translated, and from memory.
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